Helger Lipmaa's publications

UC-Secure CRS Generation for SNARKs

Behzad Abdolmaleki, Karim Baghery, Helger Lipmaa, Janno Siim and Michal Zajac. UC-Secure CRS Generation for SNARKs. In Johannes Buchmann, Abderrahmane Nitaj and Tajje-eddine Rachidi, editors, Africacrypt 2019, volume 11627 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 99--117, Rabat, Morocco, July 9--11, 2019. Springer, Heidelberg.

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Abstract:

Zero-knowledge SNARKs (zk-SNARKs) have recently found various applications in verifiable computation and blockchain applications (Zerocash), but unfortunately they rely on a common reference string (CRS) that has to be generated by a trusted party. A standard suggestion, pursued by Ben Sasson et al. [IEEE S\&P, 2015], is to generate CRS via a multi-party protocol. We enhance their CRS-generation protocol to achieve UC-security. This allows to safely compose the CRS-generation protocol with the zk-SNARK in a black-box manner with the insurance that the security of the zk-SNARK is not influenced. Differently from the previous work, the new CRS-generation protocol also avoids the random oracle model which is typically not required by zk-SNARKs themselves. As a case study, we apply the protocol to the state-of-the-art zk-SNARK by Groth [EUROCRYPT, 2016]..

Keywords: CRS model, SNARK, subversion-security, UC security.


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