16 Assessment of Ecological Quality

16 Ecological quality assessment in the EU Water Framework Directive -- a new approach for protection of aquatic ecosystem

Anna-Stiina Heiskanen
Wouter van de Bund
Ana Cristina Cardoso
Peeter Nõges
European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre²
Institute for Environment and Sustainability
Inland and Marine Waters Unit, TP 290
I-21020 Ispra (VA), Italy

• Abstract
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Assessment of the ecological status
• 16.3 Conclusions

16 Assessment of Ecological Quality