import numpy as np
from matplotlib.pyplot import *
from serial import *
from serial.tools import list_ports
import time
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

%matplotlib ipympl

style.use({
    'figure.figsize': (4, 3),
    'figure.dpi': 120,
    'lines.markersize': 6,
    'lines.markeredgewidth': 1,
    'axes.titlesize': 'medium',
    'savefig.dpi': 200
})

for p in list(list_ports.comports()):
    print(p)

COM8 - Standard Serial over Bluetooth link (COM8)
COM11 - Standard Serial over Bluetooth link (COM11)
COM12 - Standard Serial over Bluetooth link (COM12)
COM7 - Standard Serial over Bluetooth link (COM7)
COM3 - USB Serial Port (COM3)
COM5 - USB Serial Port (COM5)

COM_MM = 'COM3' # multimeeter
COM_PS = 'COM5' # toiteallikas

class SerialDevice:
    def __init__(self, port):
        self.serial = Serial()
        self.serial.port = port
    
    def open(self):
        if not self.serial.is_open:
            self.serial.open()
        
    def close(self):
        if self.serial.is_open:
            self.serial.close()
        
    def __enter__(self):
        self.open()
        return self
    
    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        self.close()

seade = Seade('COM1'):
seade.open()
# eksperiment
seade.close()

class UT61E(SerialDevice):
    ANDMED = {
        48: { 48: -3 }, # 10 A
        59: {48: -4, 49: -3, 50: -2, 51: -1, 52: -5}, # voldid
        61: {48: -8, 49: -7}, # auto uA
        63: {48: -6, 49: -5} # auto mA
    }
    
    def __init__(self, port):
        super().__init__(port)
        self.serial.baudrate = 19230
        self.serial.bytesize = SEVENBITS
        self.serial.parity = PARITY_ODD
        self.serial.stopbits = STOPBITS_ONE
        self.serial.rts = False
        self.baidid = []
        self.ootab_reavahetust = True

    def uus(self):
        self.serial.reset_input_buffer()
        self.ootab_reavahetust = True
    
    def lugem(self):
        while True:
            if self.serial.in_waiting > 0:
                for b in self.serial.read_all():
                    if b == 10 or b == 13:
                        if self.ootab_reavahetust:
                            self.ootab_reavahetust = False
                        elif len(self.baidid) > 0:
                            return self.teisenda()
                    elif not self.ootab_reavahetust:
                        self.baidid.append(b)
            time.sleep(0.1)
        
    def teisenda(self):
        baidid = bytes(self.baidid)
        self.baidid.clear()
        
        if len(baidid) != 12:
            raise IOError("UT61E: loeti vale arv baite '%s'" % baidid.decode())

        olek = baidid[7]
        negat = olek & 0x4 == 0x4  # negatiivne väärtus?
        
        if olek & 0x1 == 0x1:  # ületäitumine?
            return float('-inf') if negat else float('inf')

        lugem = int(baidid[1:6])
        if negat:
            lugem = -lugem;

        režiim = baidid[6]
        piirkond = baidid[0]

        if režiim not in UT61E.ANDMED:
            raise IOError("UT61E: tundmatu režiim '%d'" % režiim)
        
        piirkonnad = UT61E.ANDMED[režiim]
        if piirkond not in piirkonnad:
            raise IOError("UT61E: tundmatu tööpiirkond '%d'" % piirkond)
        
        aste = piirkonnad[piirkond]
        return lugem * 10**aste

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    for i in range(5):
        print('%.4f' % mm.lugem())

-0.8330
6.8050
1.6250
-0.0540
1.3480

class Korad(SerialDevice):
    def __init__(self, port):
        super().__init__(port)
        self.serial.baudrate = 9600
        self.serial.bytesize = EIGHTBITS
        self.serial.parity = PARITY_NONE
        self.serial.stopbits = STOPBITS_ONE
        self.serial.timeout = 1
        
    def pinge(self, pinge=None):
        if pinge is None:
            self.serial.reset_input_buffer()
            self.serial.write('VOUT1?'.encode())
            baidid = self.serial.read(size=5)
            if len(baidid) < 5:
                raise IOError("Korad: loeti vähem kui 5 baiti '%s'" % baidid.decode())
            return float(baidid)
        
        self.serial.write(('VSET1:%05.2f' % pinge).encode())
        
    def vool(self, vool=None):
        if vool is None:
            self.serial.reset_input_buffer()
            self.serial.write('IOUT1?'.encode())
            baidid = self.serial.read(size=5)
            if len(baidid) < 5:
                raise IOError("Korad: loeti vähem kui 5 baiti '%s'" % baidid.decode())
            return float(baidid)
    
        self.serial.write(('ISET1:%05.3f' % vool).encode())

    def toide_peale(self):
        pass  # ei tee midagi, üldjuhul funktsionaalsus puudub
        
    def toide_maha(self):
        pass  # ei tee midagi, üldjuhul funktsionaalsus puudub

class KD3005P(Korad):
    pass  # vajalik funktsionaalsus juba baasklassis

class PS3005D(Korad):
    def toide_peale(self):
        self.serial.write('OUT1'.encode())
        
    def toide_maha(self):
        self.serial.write('OUT0'.encode())

with KD3005P(COM_PS) as ps:
    ps.pinge(2)
    time.sleep(1)
    ps.vool(0.2)
    time.sleep(1)
    print('%.2f' % ps.pinge())
    print('%.3f' % ps.vool())

2.00
0.000

U_set = np.arange(0.5, 28, 0.5)
U_ps = []
U_mm = []
with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    with KD3005P(COM_PS) as ps:
        for U in U_set:
            ps.pinge(U)
            time.sleep(3)
            mm.uus()
            U_mm.append(mm.lugem())
            U_ps.append(ps.pinge())
            print('U_set = %4.1f, U_ps = %5.2f, U_mm = %7.4f' % (U, U_ps[-1], U_mm[-1]))
        ps.pinge(1)
        
U_ps = np.array(U_ps)
U_mm = np.array(U_mm)

U_set =  0.5, U_ps =  0.50, U_mm =  0.4982
U_set =  1.0, U_ps =  1.00, U_mm =  0.9964
U_set =  1.5, U_ps =  1.50, U_mm =  1.4988
U_set =  2.0, U_ps =  2.00, U_mm =  1.9997
U_set =  2.5, U_ps =  2.50, U_mm =  2.4940
U_set =  3.0, U_ps =  3.00, U_mm =  2.9990
U_set =  3.5, U_ps =  3.50, U_mm =  3.4930
U_set =  4.0, U_ps =  4.00, U_mm =  3.9990
U_set =  4.5, U_ps =  4.50, U_mm =  4.4920
U_set =  5.0, U_ps =  5.00, U_mm =  4.9910
U_set =  5.5, U_ps =  5.50, U_mm =  5.4930
U_set =  6.0, U_ps =  6.00, U_mm =  5.9960
U_set =  6.5, U_ps =  6.50, U_mm =  6.4900
U_set =  7.0, U_ps =  7.00, U_mm =  6.9890
U_set =  7.5, U_ps =  7.50, U_mm =  7.4920
U_set =  8.0, U_ps =  8.00, U_mm =  7.9940
U_set =  8.5, U_ps =  8.50, U_mm =  8.4940
U_set =  9.0, U_ps =  9.00, U_mm =  8.9930
U_set =  9.5, U_ps =  9.50, U_mm =  9.4940
U_set = 10.0, U_ps = 10.00, U_mm =  9.9880
U_set = 10.5, U_ps = 10.50, U_mm = 10.4890
U_set = 11.0, U_ps = 11.00, U_mm = 10.9920
U_set = 11.5, U_ps = 11.50, U_mm = 11.4890
U_set = 12.0, U_ps = 12.00, U_mm = 11.9920
U_set = 12.5, U_ps = 12.50, U_mm = 12.4900
U_set = 13.0, U_ps = 13.00, U_mm = 12.9920
U_set = 13.5, U_ps = 13.50, U_mm = 13.4910
U_set = 14.0, U_ps = 14.00, U_mm = 13.9870
U_set = 14.5, U_ps = 14.50, U_mm = 14.4890
U_set = 15.0, U_ps = 15.00, U_mm = 14.9920
U_set = 15.5, U_ps = 15.50, U_mm = 15.4900
U_set = 16.0, U_ps = 16.00, U_mm = 15.9930
U_set = 16.5, U_ps = 16.50, U_mm = 16.5000
U_set = 17.0, U_ps = 17.00, U_mm = 17.0020
U_set = 17.5, U_ps = 17.50, U_mm = 17.5010
U_set = 18.0, U_ps = 18.00, U_mm = 17.9950
U_set = 18.5, U_ps = 18.50, U_mm = 18.4960
U_set = 19.0, U_ps = 19.00, U_mm = 18.9980
U_set = 19.5, U_ps = 19.50, U_mm = 19.4990
U_set = 20.0, U_ps = 20.00, U_mm = 19.9940
U_set = 20.5, U_ps = 20.50, U_mm = 20.5000
U_set = 21.0, U_ps = 21.00, U_mm = 20.9940
U_set = 21.5, U_ps = 21.50, U_mm = 21.4930
U_set = 22.0, U_ps = 22.00, U_mm = 22.0000
U_set = 22.5, U_ps = 22.50, U_mm = 22.4970
U_set = 23.0, U_ps = 23.00, U_mm = 22.9800
U_set = 23.5, U_ps = 23.50, U_mm = 23.4800
U_set = 24.0, U_ps = 24.00, U_mm = 23.9800
U_set = 24.5, U_ps = 24.50, U_mm = 24.4800
U_set = 25.0, U_ps = 25.00, U_mm = 24.9800
U_set = 25.5, U_ps = 25.50, U_mm = 25.4800
U_set = 26.0, U_ps = 26.00, U_mm = 25.9800
U_set = 26.5, U_ps = 26.50, U_mm = 26.4800
U_set = 27.0, U_ps = 27.00, U_mm = 26.9800
U_set = 27.5, U_ps = 27.50, U_mm = 27.4700

ΔU = np.sqrt(np.mean(np.square(U_ps - U_mm)))
print('ruutkeskmine erinevus = %.3f V' % ΔU)

ruutkeskmine erinevus = 0.011 V

I_set = np.arange(0.01, 0.22, 0.01)
with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    with KD3005P(COM_PS) as ps:
        I_ps = []
        I_mm = []
        for I in I_set:
            ps.vool(I)
            time.sleep(3)
            mm.uus()
            I_mm.append(mm.lugem())
            I_ps.append(ps.vool())
            print('I_set = %.2f, I_ps = %.3f, I_mm = %.5f' % (I, I_ps[-1], I_mm[-1]))
        ps.vool(0.01)
        
I_ps = np.array(I_ps)
I_mm = np.array(I_mm)

I_set = 0.01, I_ps = 0.009, I_mm = 0.01192
I_set = 0.02, I_ps = 0.019, I_mm = 0.02076
I_set = 0.03, I_ps = 0.028, I_mm = 0.03119
I_set = 0.04, I_ps = 0.039, I_mm = 0.04152
I_set = 0.05, I_ps = 0.049, I_mm = 0.05175
I_set = 0.06, I_ps = 0.058, I_mm = 0.06209
I_set = 0.07, I_ps = 0.070, I_mm = 0.07225
I_set = 0.08, I_ps = 0.079, I_mm = 0.08228
I_set = 0.09, I_ps = 0.089, I_mm = 0.09113
I_set = 0.10, I_ps = 0.100, I_mm = 0.10288
I_set = 0.11, I_ps = 0.109, I_mm = 0.11168
I_set = 0.12, I_ps = 0.119, I_mm = 0.12175
I_set = 0.13, I_ps = 0.129, I_mm = 0.13209
I_set = 0.14, I_ps = 0.140, I_mm = 0.14226
I_set = 0.15, I_ps = 0.149, I_mm = 0.15261
I_set = 0.16, I_ps = 0.160, I_mm = 0.16284
I_set = 0.17, I_ps = 0.170, I_mm = 0.17289
I_set = 0.18, I_ps = 0.178, I_mm = 0.18169
I_set = 0.19, I_ps = 0.191, I_mm = 0.19345
I_set = 0.20, I_ps = 0.199, I_mm = 0.20230
I_set = 0.21, I_ps = 0.210, I_mm = 0.21247

ΔI = np.sqrt(np.mean(np.square(I_ps - I_mm)))
print('ruutkeskmine erinevus = %.4f A' % ΔI)

ruutkeskmine erinevus = 0.0029 A

fig = figure('test', clear=True, figsize=(5,3))
fig.canvas.header_visible = False
graafik, = plot((), (), 'r-')
xlim(0, 60)
ylim(-0.2, 1.55)
xlabel('Aeg (s)')
ylabel('Pinge (V)')
grid()
tight_layout()
show()

aeg = []
pinge = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    mm.uus()
    t0 = time.time()
    while True:
        lugem = mm.lugem()
        aeg.append(time.time() - t0)
        pinge.append(lugem)
        graafik.set_data( aeg, pinge )
        fig.canvas.draw()
        fig.canvas.flush_events()
        if aeg[-1] > 60:
            break

U_set = np.arange(0.5, 15.1, 0.5)
U_ps = []
U_mm = []
with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    with KD3005P(COM_PS) as ps:
        for U in U_set:
            ps.pinge(U)
            time.sleep(3)
            mm.uus()
            U_mm.append(mm.lugem())
            U_ps.append(ps.pinge())
            print('U_ps = %5.2f, U_mm = %.4f' % (U_ps[-1], U_mm[-1]))
        ps.pinge(1)

U_ps = np.array(U_ps)
U_mm = np.array(U_mm)

U_ps =  0.50, U_mm = 0.2792
U_ps =  1.00, U_mm = 0.4784
U_ps =  1.50, U_mm = 0.6116
U_ps =  2.00, U_mm = 0.7271
U_ps =  2.50, U_mm = 0.8395
U_ps =  3.00, U_mm = 0.9474
U_ps =  3.50, U_mm = 1.0470
U_ps =  4.00, U_mm = 1.1429
U_ps =  4.50, U_mm = 1.2334
U_ps =  5.00, U_mm = 1.3220
U_ps =  5.50, U_mm = 1.4084
U_ps =  6.00, U_mm = 1.4913
U_ps =  6.50, U_mm = 1.5694
U_ps =  7.00, U_mm = 1.6468
U_ps =  7.50, U_mm = 1.7225
U_ps =  8.00, U_mm = 1.7956
U_ps =  8.50, U_mm = 1.8670
U_ps =  9.00, U_mm = 1.9366
U_ps =  9.50, U_mm = 2.0050
U_ps = 10.00, U_mm = 2.0708
U_ps = 10.50, U_mm = 2.1361
U_ps = 11.00, U_mm = 2.2004
U_ps = 11.50, U_mm = 2.2620
U_ps = 12.00, U_mm = 2.3230
U_ps = 12.50, U_mm = 2.3830
U_ps = 13.00, U_mm = 2.4420
U_ps = 13.50, U_mm = 2.4990
U_ps = 14.00, U_mm = 2.5550
U_ps = 14.50, U_mm = 2.6040
U_ps = 15.00, U_mm = 2.6620

fail = 'lambi_voltamper'
takistus = 20.5
U_lamp = U_ps - U_mm
I_lamp = U_mm / takistus
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((U_ps, U_mm, U_lamp, I_lamp)), fmt='%.8f')

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U_lamp, I_lamp, 'r.')
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Vool (A)')
    grid()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

U_ps, U_mm, U_lamp, I_lamp = np.loadtxt('lambi_voltamper.txt').T

mudel = lambda U, a, b: a*U**b

a, b = 0.1, 0.5
(a, b), _ = curve_fit(mudel, U_lamp, I_lamp, (a, b))
print('a = %.3f, b = %.3f' % (a, b))

U = np.linspace(0, 13, 100)
with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U_lamp, I_lamp, 'r.')
    plot(U, mudel(U, a, b), 'b-')
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Vool (A)')
    grid()
    savefig(fail + '_mudel.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

a = 0.031, b = 0.573

U_set = np.geomspace(0.25, 7.1, 25)

U_ps = []
U_mm = []
with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    with KD3005P(COM_PS) as ps:
        for U in U_set:
            ps.pinge(U)
            time.sleep(3)
            mm.uus()
            U_mm.append(mm.lugem())
            U_ps.append(ps.pinge())
            print('U_ps = %.2f, U_mm = %.4f' % (U_ps[-1], U_mm[-1]))
        ps.pinge(1)

U_ps = np.array(U_ps)
U_mm = np.array(U_mm)

U_ps = 0.25, U_mm = 0.2524
U_ps = 0.29, U_mm = 0.2867
U_ps = 0.33, U_mm = 0.3275
U_ps = 0.38, U_mm = 0.3830
U_ps = 0.44, U_mm = 0.4382
U_ps = 0.50, U_mm = 0.4898
U_ps = 0.58, U_mm = 0.5507
U_ps = 0.66, U_mm = 0.5907
U_ps = 0.76, U_mm = 0.6222
U_ps = 0.88, U_mm = 0.6467
U_ps = 1.01, U_mm = 0.6637
U_ps = 1.16, U_mm = 0.6789
U_ps = 1.33, U_mm = 0.6909
U_ps = 1.53, U_mm = 0.7019
U_ps = 1.76, U_mm = 0.7119
U_ps = 2.02, U_mm = 0.7208
U_ps = 2.33, U_mm = 0.7296
U_ps = 2.68, U_mm = 0.7374
U_ps = 3.08, U_mm = 0.7448
U_ps = 3.54, U_mm = 0.7519
U_ps = 4.06, U_mm = 0.7587
U_ps = 4.67, U_mm = 0.7656
U_ps = 5.37, U_mm = 0.7720
U_ps = 6.18, U_mm = 0.7784
U_ps = 7.10, U_mm = 0.7847

fail = 'dioodi_voltamper'
takistus = 20.5
U_diood = U_mm
I_diood = (U_ps - U_mm) / takistus
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((U_ps, U_diood, I_diood)), fmt='%.8f')

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U_diood, I_diood, 'r.')
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Vool (A)')
    grid()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

U_T = 0.025421
mudel = lambda U, I_s, n: I_s * (np.exp(U/(n * U_T)) - 1)
I_s, n = 1e-14, 1

(I_s, n), _ = curve_fit(mudel, U_diood, I_diood, (I_s, n))
print('I_s = %.3g A, n = %.2f' % (I_s, n))

U = np.linspace(0.2, 0.79, 100)
with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U_diood, I_diood, 'r.')
    plot(U, mudel(U, I_s, n), 'b-')
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Vool (A)')
    grid()
    savefig(fail + '_mudel.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

I_s = 1.14e-09 A, n = 1.59

aeg = []
pinge = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    time.sleep(2)
    t0 = time.time()
    while True:
        aeg.append(time.time() - t0)
        mm.uus()
        pinge.append(mm.lugem())
        print('aeg = %6.1f s;  pinge = %6.4f V' % (aeg[-1], pinge[-1]))
        if (pinge[-1] < 0.5):
            break
        time.sleep(5)

aeg = np.array(aeg)
pinge = np.array(pinge)

fail = 'aku_tühjenemine'
takistus = 7.23
vool = pinge / takistus
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((aeg, pinge, vool)), fmt='%.8f')

print('Mahtuvus %.3g mAh' % (np.trapz(vool, aeg) * (1000 / 3600)))

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, pinge, 'r-')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Pinge (V)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

Mahtuvus 982 mAh

aeg = []
pinge = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    mm.uus()
    t0 = time.time()
    while True:
        lugem = mm.lugem()
        aeg.append(time.time() - t0)
        pinge.append(lugem)
        print('aeg = %6.1f s;  pinge = %6.3f V' % (aeg[-1], pinge[-1]))
        if aeg[-1] > 4000:
            break

aeg = np.array(aeg)
pinge = np.array(pinge)

fail = 'kondensaatori_laadumine'
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((aeg, pinge)), fmt='%.8f')

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, pinge, 'r-')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Pinge (V)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

aeg, pinge = np.loadtxt('kondensaatori_laadumine.txt').T

toitepinge = 9.994
takistus = 506.7

laadub = aeg > 9.1

aeg = aeg[laadub]
aeg -= aeg[0]
pinge = pinge[laadub]
vool = (toitepinge - pinge) / takistus

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, vool, 'r-')
    yscale('log')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Vool (A)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '_vool.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

n = len(aeg) // 5  # esimene viiendik andmepunktidest

# lähendame parabooliga, aga kasutame vaid selle algtõusu
_, tõus, algordinaat = np.polyfit(aeg[:n], np.log(vool[:n]), 2)
mahtuvus = -1 / (takistus * tõus)

print('Mahtuvus %.3f F' % mahtuvus)

t = np.linspace(0, 2100, 100)
with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, vool, 'r-', label='katse')
    plot(t, np.exp(tõus * t + algordinaat), 'b--', label='lineaarne mudel')
    yscale('log')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Vool (A)')
    axvline(aeg[n], color='red', lw=0.5)
    grid()
    legend()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '_mudel.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

Algmahtuvus 1.186 F

aeg = []
pinge = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    mm.uus()
    t0 = time.time()
    while True:
        lugem = mm.lugem()
        aeg.append(time.time() - t0)
        pinge.append(lugem)
        print('aeg = %6.1f s;  pinge = %6.3f V' % (aeg[-1], pinge[-1]))
        if aeg[-1] > 6000:
            break

aeg = np.array(aeg)
pinge = np.array(pinge)

fail = 'kondensaatori_tühjenemine'
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((aeg, pinge)), fmt='%.8f')

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, pinge, 'r-')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Pinge (V)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

tühjeneb = aeg > 13.7

aeg = aeg[tühjeneb]
aeg -= aeg[0]
pinge = pinge[tühjeneb]
vool = pinge / takistus

n = len(aeg) // 4
_, tõus, algordinaat = np.polyfit(aeg[:n], np.log(pinge[:n]), 2)
mahtuvus = -1 / (takistus * tõus)

print('Algmahtuvus %.3f F' % mahtuvus)

t = np.linspace(0, 3500, 100)
with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, pinge, 'r-', label='katse')
    plot(t, np.exp(tõus * t + algordinaat), 'b--', label='lineaarne mudel')
    yscale('log')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Pinge (V)')
    axvline(aeg[n], color='red', lw=0.5)
    grid()
    legend()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '_mudel.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

Algmahtuvus 1.395 F

U_set = np.arange(2, 10.1, 2.0)
takistus = 20.5
andmed = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    with KD3005P(COM_PS) as ps:
        for U in U_set:
            print('======= toitepinge = %5.2f V =======' % U)
            time.sleep(1)
            ajutine = []
            t0 = time.time()
            ps.pinge(U)
            mm.uus()
            while True:
                pinge = mm.lugem()
                aeg = time.time() - t0
                print('aeg = %5.1f s, pinge = %6.4f V' % (aeg, pinge))
                ajutine.append((aeg, pinge, pinge / takistus))
                if aeg > 1500 or (aeg > 100 and pinge < 0.002):
                    break
            andmed.append(np.array(ajutine))

fail = 'kondensaatori_pinge_laeng'
np.save(fail, [U_set] + andmed, allow_pickle=True) # faili laiend .npy lisatakse automaatselt

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    for U, seeria in zip(U_set, andmed):
        plot(seeria[:,0], 1000 * seeria[:,2], label='%.1f V' % U)
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Vool (mA)')
    yscale('log')
    legend()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

andmed = np.load('kondensaatori_pinge_laeng.npy', allow_pickle=True)
U_set = andmed[0]
andmed = andmed[1:]

laeng = np.cumsum( [np.trapz(seeria[:,2], seeria[:,0]) for seeria in andmed] )

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U_set, laeng, 'r.-')
    xlim(left=0)
    ylim(bottom=0)
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Laeng (C)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    display(fig)

mudel = lambda U, a, b: a*U + b*U*U

a, b = 1, 0.02
(a, b), _ = curve_fit(mudel, U_set, laeng, (a, b))
print('Mahtuvus väikestel pingetel = %.3f F' % a)

U = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U_set, laeng, 'r.')
    plot(U, mudel(U, a, b), 'b-')
    plot(U, a*U, 'b--')
    xlim(left=0)
    ylim(bottom=0)
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Laeng (C)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '_mudel.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

Mahtuvus 1.189 F

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(U, a + b * U, 'r-', label='integ. mahtuvus')
    plot(U, a + 2 * b * U, 'b-', label='difer. mahtuvus')
    xlabel('Pinge (V)')
    ylabel('Mahtuvus (F)')
    grid()
    legend()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '_mahtuvus.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

aeg = []
pinge = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    t0 = time.time()
    mm.uus()
        lugem = mm.lugem()
        aeg.append(time.time() - t0)
        pinge.append(lugem)
        print('aeg = %6.1f s;  pinge = %6.4f V' % (aeg[-1], pinge[-1]))
        if aeg[-1] > 6000:
            break

aeg = np.array(aeg)
pinge = np.array(pinge)

fail = 'kondensaatori_tühjenemine_mälu'
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((aeg, pinge)), fmt='%.8f')

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, pinge, 'r-')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Pinge (V)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

aeg = []
pinge = []

with UT61E(COM_MM) as mm:
    t0 = time.time()
    mm.uus()
    while True:
        lugem = mm.lugem()
        aeg.append(time.time() - t0)
        pinge.append(lugem)
        print('aeg = %6.1f s;  pinge = %6.4f V' % (aeg[-1], pinge[-1]))
        if aeg[-1] > 6000:
            break

aeg = np.array(aeg)
pinge = np.array(pinge)

fail = 'kondensaatori_laadumine_mälu'
np.savetxt(fail + '.txt', np.column_stack((aeg, pinge)), fmt='%.8f')

with ioff():
    fig = figure()
    plot(aeg, pinge, 'r-')
    xlabel('Aeg (s)')
    ylabel('Pinge (V)')
    grid()
    tight_layout()
    savefig(fail + '.png', bbox_inches='tight')
    display(fig)

Eksperimendid alalisvooluga¶

Sisukord

Katsevahendid¶

Ettevalmistused¶

Seadmete programmeerimine¶

Multimeeter¶

Toiteplokk¶

Toiteploki näidikute täpsus¶

Mõõtmise visualiseerimine¶

Hõõglambi voltamperkarakteristik¶

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Aku tühjenemine¶

Kondensaator¶

Laadumine¶

Tühjenemine¶

Laengu sõltuvus pingest¶

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